// Navigating through space in speech and gesture: Effects of speaker proficiency, language type, and event type
本研究探討波斯語-英語雙語者在描述動作事件時，語言和手勢的表達方式｜發現高低英語能力雙語者均在英語中使用融合方式（結合動作方式與路徑），高能力者於因果動作事件中更明顯｜結果顯示語言能力與事件類型影響雙語者語言與手勢的配合，強化第二語言使用時語言與手勢的緊密連結。
// This study examined how Persian-English bilinguals with varying English proficiency describe motion events in speech and gesture compared to English monolinguals. Using event descriptions, researchers found that both high and low proficiency bilinguals aligned gesture and speech in English, favoring the English conflated pattern combining manner and path. High proficiency bilinguals showed stronger use of the conflated pattern in English (but not Persian), especially for caused-motion events, mirroring their gestures. The results show that proficiency and event type influence bilinguals' speech-gesture patterns, demonstrating close speech-gesture coupling in second language use.
Published 2026年5月22日
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