非插管 COVID-19 肺炎患者與非 COVID-19 肺炎患者之口服進食恢復比較：使用功能性口服進食量表的回顧性隊列研究

// Oral Intake Recovery in Non-Intubated Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia Compared With Non-COVID Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Functional Oral Intake Scale

回溯研究431名非插管住院者（COVID‑19 168 vs 非COVID 263），以達到FOIS≥4（功能性口服攝取）為終點｜未調整分析COVID達標率低44%（HR0.56，95%CI0.42–0.76，p=0.0001）；調整復健延遲後關聯消失（模型2 HR1.03，95%CI0.73–1.46），顯示照護延誤解釋恢復較慢｜入院前體弱、進食延遲與缺乏直接吞嚥訓練獨立預測恢復慢，建議在感染管控下優先早期口服並公平提供直接吞嚥復健。

// This retrospective cohort study compared recovery from dysphagia in 431 non-intubated hospitalized adults with COVID-19 (n=168) versus non-COVID pneumonia (n=263), using time to functional oral intake (FOIS ≥4) and Cox and mixed-effects models. In unadjusted analysis COVID-19 patients had delayed oral intake and speech therapy and a 44% lower hazard of reaching FOIS ≥4 (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42–0.76, p=0.0001). After adjusting for post-exposure rehabilitation variables and in time-dependent sensitivity analyses the association disappeared (Model 2 HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.73–1.46, p=0.876), indicating delays in care explained the slower recovery. Higher pre-hospital frailty, delayed oral intake, and lack of direct swallowing training independently predicted slower recovery, supporting early oral intake and equitable direct swallowing rehabilitation under infection-control constraints.

Published 2026年9月11日