以內在狀態詞視角探討兒童口語敘事能力：採用多語敘事評估工具引出之虛構故事大規模研究

// Children's Oral Narrative Skills Through the Lens of Internal State Terms: A Large-Scale Study of Fictional Stories Elicited With the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives

採MAIN分析5,507篇敘事（2,763名3–13歲、44語言），測內在狀態詞ISTs（思維/情緒/感知）｜年齡與重述顯著增加ISTs；單/雙語無差，ISTs多作事件起始｜故事長度僅在幼兒預測ISTs，顯示重述適合跨語言評估情緒與心智能力

// This study examined development of oral narrative skills by measuring internal state terms (ISTs) in 5,507 picture-based stories from 2,763 typically developing 3–13-year-olds across 44 languages using the MAIN. Stories were transcribed and coded for ISTs (thoughts, emotions, perceptions) and analyzed with generalized mixed models testing effects of age, monolingual vs bilingual status (and L1 vs L2), elicitation mode (telling vs retelling), IST type, story type, and story length. Age and retelling strongly increased IST production; there were no monolingual–bilingual differences (including L1 vs L2), ISTs were more likely as initiating events than reactions, and story length predicted IST use only in younger children. The findings show that explicit reference to characters’ internal states develops across primary school years across languages and language backgrounds, and that retelling is particularly useful for assessing this skill.

Published 2026年9月28日